What is the only effective method for extinguishing a smoldering fire?

The method of applying water at the base of a smoldering fire using short bursts is effective because it directly targets the area of the fire that is most active. This approach helps to cool the fuel and reduce the temperature, effectively interrupting the combustion process. Water is a powerful extinguishing agent for smoldering fires as it can penetrate the materials involved more effectively at the base, where the heat is concentrated, and can also reduce the chance of reignition by cooling the surrounding area.

Short bursts of water application prevent the introduction of too much water at once, which can sometimes create steam or push the fire further back into the material, potentially spreading it. This targeted technique helps to ensure that the extinguishing agent is used efficiently and minimizes the risk of disturbing or displacing burning embers.

In contrast, different extinguishing methods may not be as effective against a smoldering fire. For example, using a foaming agent might not penetrate as deeply into the smoldering materials, and ventilation can potentially introduce more oxygen, which could further sustain the fire rather than extinguishing it. Therefore, applying water at the base in short bursts is the most suitable strategy for effectively extinguishing a smoldering fire.